Mary Benbow
Another boat trip faced to come ashore throught the surf at Timaru, the Benbows found shelter for the first night at Timaru. They were able to purchase stores, and next day by ox-team to follow the track north with their possessions.
The night was spent at the Arowhenua Inn so that a daylight river crossing of the
Opihi River could be made the following day. Mary would have had little idea
of the difficulties which lay ahead but we can be certain her
first anxiety on reaching their journey's end, would be
housing the family.
In 1863 surveyor Samuel
Hewlings, bought an area north and west of the present Main South
Road adjacent to the Government town of Arowhenua and laid out a town
which he called Wallingford after his Berkshire birthplace. Wallingford
this eventually became the principal business part of Temuka and
Arowhenua was later created a town district. By 1866 the name Temuka came
into more general use as a collective name for Wallingford and Arowhenua,
and the latter came to be identified with the new Maori pa.
The Benbows would likely have made a canvas covered temporary shelter or a make-shift raupo whare close to the river within easy access to water. The month of May meant winter was fast approaching and a start would have been made immediately to get a more substantial home constructed of cob to house the family and protect their few treasures brought from home. They first lived in Georgetown close to Temuka and it became known as "sod town". Timber was in short supply so turf was cut with a sharp spade and skinned off, was rolled and taken for use to the house site. Cut into pieces it was laid like bricks - the pieces continued to grow a little and became inter-locked. Walls were given additional strength by using sticks and any crevasses were filled with a creamy mixture of clay, fern, tussock and water. Some large cob constructions used animals to tramp the clay and tussock mixed with water added to it making a pug for use. A water butt that harnessed water from the roof saved laborious cartage from the river and with basin and hip bath brought in a bedroom or placed before the fire, a wash centre for all. Wash-hand stands equipped with a basin and jug were kept in the bedroom. Everything available to the family
was utilised to furnish the home - the narrow bunk
mattresses and bolsters which were their bedding on board ship,
planks made the table, crates and packing cases as cupboards,
beds and chairs and proudly displayed linen and plates in their
first new Zealand home
![]() The kitchen hearth was the central
focus for the family - a social centre providing warmth, for drying
wet clothes and a heavy iron bracket projecting from the fireplace
side (swey) with hooks held the bare essential cooking
utensils brought from England. The principal utensils of the pioneer
cook was the camp oven, kettle, cauldron and grid-iron - all weighty
items requiring a strong back and arms. Using long handled iron
cooking spoons and forks, it was possible to stir a stew or cook a roast
without Mary burning herself. A hand-turned spit was may have been used to
turn meat roasting over the fire with an iron pan below on the hearth
caught the "drippings". The surface fat was poured off, set and
clarified and carefully stored to be later used for cooking or for making
candles and the meat juices in the pan were used for gravy.
Tea for a family was rationed and manuka or dried
bidibidi was sustituted for a brew.
Candles were made from tallow or wax
either in a mould or painstakingly made by hand - a slow and tedious job
as the fat had to set on the wick which in those early days was made of
flax - the result was mishapen gavea porr flickering light but mould
candles burnt well.
Lamps although available, kerosene
was possibly not. Mice were a constant nuisance.
Soap was home made using tallow
(cooked animal fat) and caustic soda which changes the fat to
soap.
Food was not plentiful for the early
settler - - a shop but a dream for a woman.and everyhing was made by hand.
Fish, pork and potatoes and bread made from maize meal with just
enough wheaten flour to make it stick together.Green vegetables were
rarely plentiful and settlers would substitute by using the young leaves
ot of the head of the cabbage tree. In times of plenty, produce was preserved
in james, jellies and by pickling
The priority would have been a
home garden so the family became self-sufficient in
![]() February 1864 saw the arrivel of son
William Charles and he was followed at 2 yearly intervals by Mary and
Lucy
Improvisation was a way of life for Mary - sewing to clothe the family was mostly done with flannel material - underclothes, nightshirts , white cotton and calico for shirts and moleskin for trousers - to own a sewing machine was the dream of every woman and recyling a necessity. To conform to the Data Protection Act
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